Meaning difference

[JbhB682]

Is there any meaningfull difference between these 2 sentences

This is a bucket THAT is filled with water
vs.
This is a bucket FILLED with water

In the second sentence, FILLED is a past participle.

[esledge]

Not much difference--either way the bucket is full of water now.

The verb in the first example's modifier does do something, though, and it's easier to see what if we change the tense. Here's a third and fourth example:

This is a bucket THAT was filled with water (but may or may not be anymore)
This is a bucket THAT will be filled with water (but maybe isn't yet)

So I think your two examples didn't differ much because both default to a "filled now" meaning even when the modifier has no verb, since there's a present tense main verb in "this is a bucket."