by RonPurewal Wed Sep 23, 2009 8:38 am
as for the first one: what's the source? if you don't provide a source, we'll have to delete the post.
we need a FIRSTHAND source. (i.e., you can't cite another forum as the source.)
i bet that this was originally supposed to contain a semicolon, but that it was mistranscribed into a colon at some point. the colon in (e) is just plain wrong.
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in the second example, yes, the part after the semicolon in (a) can stand alone. this is a totally normal sentence, written with a participial modifier at the beginning.