"That" Vs Present participle "-ing" as modifier

[mishra.ash]

Hi ,
I am always in delimma when i see two modifiers options , one containing modifier with "That" and other with present participle "ing" form

E.g

Sam was part of many activities during his school life, that included captain of football team and captain of swimming team.

The two option options between which i couldn't "that included" and "including" .

I have faced this kind of issue many times.
Is there some grammar rule that can guide me as to when to use " that" and/or when to use "Ing" form as a modifier.

Thanks,
Ashutosh

[selva.e]

E.g

Sam was part of many activities during his school life, that included captain of football team and captain of swimming team.

in your example including will be correct.

That - pronoun refers backs to singular noun.

here the modifier "that included captain of football team and captain of swimming team" is referring to activities. So that cannot be used here.

[RonPurewal]

Sam was part of many activities during his school life, that included captain of football team and captain of swimming team.

this type of "that" can't follow a comma, so this version is automatically incorrect.

in any case, you should think of "including" as a separate idiom. "including" does not work like other -ing modifiers.

the best way to think about it is this: if you replace "including" with "some of which were/are...", the sentence should still work.
try that on this example, and you'll find that it turns out ok with "including".