A "standard candle" is a light source whose intrinsic luminosity is so well known that the extent to which its brightness has been dimmed by distance can be used as an astronomical yardstick.
a. so well known that the extent to which its brightness has been dimmed by distance can
b. so well known that the extent of its brightness that is dimmed by distance can
c. sufficiently well know so that the extent that distance has dimmed its brightness can
d. sufficiently well known for the extent of its brightness that has been dimmed by distance to
e. sufficiently well known for the extent that distance has dimmed its brightness to
I was able to to rule out (C), (D), (E) by referencing the "so...that" idiom. However, I had trouble determining the grammar issues in choices (A) and (B). My SC ear implored me to select (A), but I went with (B) on the basis of brevity. I would appreciate if someone please break down the grammar errors for each answer choice.
Thanks!