which include vs which includes

[c.w.richardjr]

Hello,

The following question comes from # 40 in OG 13. It is rather long, so below is a shorter version.

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Thank you.

Charles

[Willy]

Your observation about option B and D is right. Official explanations are really not up-to mark. I wish MGMAT team come up with Official Verb Companion as MGMAT has for Quant Companion guide.

Here is what Ron says about Comma + Including

"INCLUDING" is an EXCEPTION to the otherwise robust rules for comma+ing modifiers.

when you see "comma + including", you should think of "including" as a preposition, not as an -ing modifier. therefore, "including X" will become a prepositional phrase that describes the stuff preceding the comma.

Link the-32-species-that-make-up-the-dolphin-family-t6878.html

Let me know if you are not clear about Comma + Including as I do have few more things in my notebook about this rule and I can type here for you.

[c.w.richardjr]

Thank you for your response. That's exactly what I wanted to hear.

[RonPurewal]

i'm going to close this thread, but, remember, OG problems are not allowed here (per express request of GMAC). that also goes for fragments of OG problems.

please read the forum rules before posting, thanks.