Q13

[ca_teran1]

I think both b and d fit. But answer is only d.
Why?
Thanks

[ohthatpatrick]

With analogy questions we need to first sort out what we're looking for.

What is the "purported relationship between incarceration and criminologists' research findings"?

Maybe the simplest paraphrase is lines 10-13, "incarceration may have the perverse effect of ensuring that the young offenders will continue to perform delinquent acts".

So we need something that sounds like
i. X is something we do to discourage Y from occurring
yet
ii. X seems to actually make Y happen even more

Here, X = juvenile incarceration and Y = further criminal behavior

(B)
We remove tonsils to treat a sore throat, but generally it does nothing and SOMETIMES it can be harmful

(D)
We take antacids to treat heartburn, but using antacids often leads to more heartburn.

Those both definitely seem like, "oops, our plan backfired", so we'll have to check on the differences
(B) sometimes it's harmful
and
(D) often causes the very condition it treats

(D) wins here, since (B) is unspecific about what harm is caused. In order to mimic the incarceration/juvenile delinquency phenomenon, we need to accidentally cause what we're trying to prevent. (B) never says that a tonsillectomy causes more sore throats.

Hope this helps.

[ttunden]

With analogy questions we need to first sort out what we're looking for.

What is the "purported relationship between incarceration and criminologists' research findings"?

Maybe the simplest paraphrase is lines 10-13, "incarceration may have the perverse effect of ensuring that the young offenders will continue to perform delinquent acts".

So we need something that sounds like
i. X is something we do to discourage Y from occurring
yet
ii. X seems to actually make Y happen even more

Here, X = juvenile incarceration and Y = further criminal behavior

(B)
We remove tonsils to treat a sore throat, but generally it does nothing and SOMETIMES it can be harmful

(D)
We take antacids to treat heartburn, but using antacids often leads to more heartburn.

Those both definitely seem like, "oops, our plan backfired", so we'll have to check on the differences
(B) sometimes it's harmful
and
(D) often causes the very condition it treats

(D) wins here, since (B) is unspecific about what harm is caused. In order to mimic the incarceration/juvenile delinquency phenomenon, we need to accidentally cause what we're trying to prevent. (B) never says that a tonsillectomy causes more sore throats.

Hope this helps.

but wouldn't answer choice A meet i???

[ohthatpatrick]

Yes, (A) definitely gives us the first of the two things we need.

We treat melanoma to discourage more lesions.

Does it gives us the 2nd thing we need?

(i.e. "treating melanoma actually causes us to get MORE lesions")

No, it doesn't.

I'm not sure if you were confused by the (i) and (ii), thinking they were either/or?

We need both things
i. we do X in an attempt to stop Y from happening
but
ii. doing X actually makes Y more likely to happen

Correct answer:
we TAKE ANTACIDS to try to stop HEARTBURN from happening.
but
TAKING ANTACIDS actually causes more HEARTBURN

In fuzzier terms, we wanted a plan of attack that backfired. We send juveniles to jail to rehabilitate them, but [backfire] it actually makes them more likely to engage in criminal behavior.

We take antacids to treat heartburn, but [backfire] the antacids actually cause more heartburn.

Where is the backfire in (A)? We treat melanoma to prevent more lesions.